Investigation of lubricant induced pre-ignition and knocking combustion in an optical spark ignition engine

An experimental study was performed to investigate lubricant oil induced pre-ignition and knocking combustion process in a single cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine with full bore overhead optical access. Lubricant oil was deliberately injected to the exhaust area through a specially modified direct injector to trigger the stochastic pre-ignition in a premixed air and fuel mixture. Simultaneous heat release analysis and high speed combustion imaging were used to study the pre-ignition and combustion processes. Outlier detection based on robust statistical methods was validated as an effective and efficient approach to identify sporadic pre-ignition. When pre-ignition occurred, the pre-ignited flame-front exhibited much faster propagating speed than that of the normal spark-ignited flame-front in the first stage of flame development. In several cycles, pre-ignition was followed by the pre-ignited propagating flame-front and then a separate spark-ignited flame-front before they subsequently merged together. In a few other cycles, pre-ignition led to heavy knocking combustion caused either by the auto-ignition close to the flame-front or near the cylinder wall, or both. The ultimate knock intensity of such cycles was determined by the timing, size, and location of end-gas auto-ignition of the unburned gas. Furthermore, optical detection of the oil droplet entrained combustion in the cycle subsequent to the knocking combustion cycle implied that high frequency oscillation pressure waves ejected lubricant from the piston-ring crevice.     

基于二维材料WX_2构建的范德华异质结的结构和性质及应变效应的理论研究

二维材料过渡金属硫属化物(TMDs),因其优越的物理化学特性及其在光电子器件、光催化等领域的潜在应用价值,得到了人们的广泛关注。基于TMDs材料可以构建具有不同性能的范德华(vdW)异质结,但构建的异质结由于其固有的能带带隙大小限制了其在全光谱上的响应,因而对其能带带隙调控变得十分重要。本文基于第一性原理方法系统地研究了WX_2 (X=S, Se, Te)从单层到体相的结构和性质,以及由此组装的vdW异质结构WS_2/WSe_2、WS_2/WTe_2和WSe_2/WTe_2的结构和性质以及应力应变对异质结构的能带带隙的影响。结果表明:结合HSE06泛函和自旋轨道耦合(SOC)效应的计算方案可以精确描述WX_2体系;异质结构WS_2/WSe_2,WS_2/WTe_2和WSe_2/WTe_2呈现type-II能带分类;在施加单轴或双轴的应力应变后,能带带隙大小发生相应改变,当晶格形变大于4%后,异质结构由半导体特性变成具有金属性。这些研究为光电子器件的设计提供了重要的指导意义。     

科研问题向课堂教学的融入

科研向教学的融入常常注重科研成果在教学上的分享,而科研问题在教学中的重要作用却往往被忽视。为提高教学效果,本文尝试在课堂教学中选取科研成果取得过程中遇到的某个问题为切入点,抛转引玉,由学生运用所学知识,通过查阅资料和课堂讨论,思考解决办法。     

化学电源制造工程研究生校内实践课程创新性教学探索

如何培养专业硕士的实践和创新能力是高等教育工作者不断探索的问题。本文以哈尔滨工业大学化学电源制造工程实践课程为例,针对该课程存在的问题,从教学手段、教学内容、教师队伍和评价体系四个方面进行课程改革。构建了研究生课内外全方位自主学习的教学体系,对有效利用实践课程提升学生的工程实践、创新及科研能力进行有益的探索。     

全固态Z-Scheme光催化材料应用于二氧化碳还原和光催化分解水研究进展

由两种不同的半导体催化剂和电子传输介质建立的Z-Scheme光催化体系,通过在可见光照射下分别在两种半导体催化剂上进行氧化反应和还原反应,实现两步法光催化分解水和二氧化碳还原.相较于离子型Z-Scheme光催化体系,全固态Z-Scheme光催化体系具有适用范围广、无副反应、光源利用率高等特性,具有更加广阔的应用前景.在此,我们简述了Z-Scheme光催化体系的反应机理,综述了全固态Z-Scheme光催化体系在光催化分解水和光催化还原CO₂领域的应用,并对未来全固态Z-Scheme光催化体系的发展进行了展望.     

作为Be2+磷光探针的含9-冠-3的铱配合物

以4′-(2-苯并噻唑基)苯并-9-冠-3(BTZ9C3)为主配体,用2,2′-联吡啶(bpy)及3-三氟甲基-5-(2′-吡啶基)-1,2-二唑(Hfppz)辅助配体分别合成了离子型铱配合物[Ir(BTZ9C3)2(bpy)]PF6(1)和中性铱配合物[Ir(BTZ9C3)2(fppz)](2)。配合物的结构通过核磁、高分辨质谱进行了表征,并测定了配合物1的单晶结构。对它们光物理性能的研究表明,2种配合物掺杂在PMMA中的发光为黄绿光发射,配合物1的发光波长为535 nm,配合物2的发光波长为541 nm,发光量子效率分别为10.8%,45.0%,发光寿命分别为3.01和2.58μs,为典型的磷光发射。通过循环伏安法测得配合物1和2的HOMO能级分别为-5.60和-5.35 eV。2种配合物对Be2+都有发光增强的选择性识别效果,化学计量比为1∶2,最低检测限低至6.0μmol·L-1。抗干扰能力方面,离子型配合物1的抗干扰能力较好,而中性配合物2受Al3+的干扰较大。     

A carbazole-hemicyanine dye based ratiometric fluorescent probe for selective detection of bisulfite (HSO3−) in cells and C. elegans

A colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for selective detection of HSO₃^- based on the 1,4-nucleophilic addition reaction was successfully synthesized and applied to the detection of exogenous HSO₃^- in Hela cells and C. elegans.     

A ketone-functionalized aromatic saddle as a potential building block for negatively curved carbon nanobelts

Herein, we report the synthesis and crystal structure of a novel ketone-functionalized aromatic saddle, which is a potential building block for synthesis of negatively curved carbon nanobelts.     

In situ Deposition of ‘Naked’ Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Silica Spheres as Recyclable Catalysts in Styrene Epoxidation

Tlie rational designs of particle size, morphology and surface states of the Au nanoparticles(AuNPs) are crucial for Au nanocatalyst. We herein report a method to synthesize the silica microspheres supported AuNPs(ca.1 nm) and their application in controlling the reaction conversion and selectivity in styrene epoxidation. Surfactant-ftee AuNPs deposited on silica microspheres were in situ fabricated with aid of the Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) as sacrificial template by galvanic replacement reaction, leading to AuNPs/SiO2 catalyst directly without any post-treatment to expose crystal facets.A high conversion of 46.7% and selectivity of 91.7% to styrene oxide was achieved with H2O2 as oxidant in ethanol. The solid catalyst could be reused at least 10 reaction cycles without significant decrease in activity and selectivity. This study not only supplies an active, recoverable catalyst for styrene oxidation with green oxidant and solvent, but also demonstrates that the silica microspheres functionalized with thiol groups have a superior ability in stabilizing noble metal nanoparticles even without any surfactant.     

金属有机骨架及其复合材料在固相微萃取中的制备及应用

金属有机骨架材料是近几年涌现出的一类新型多功能多孔固体材料,由金属离子和有机配体自组装形成.基于其比表面积高、孔隙率大、热稳定性好和结构与功能多样化等优点,此类材料可作为潜在的吸附剂来对水体等环境污染物进行预处理分析.此外,金属有机骨架材料和不同功能材料如碳基材料、分子印迹聚合物材料以及磁性纳米粒子等组装形成的金属有机骨架复合材料,其整体性能较优于母体金属有机骨架材料.因此,金属有机骨架复合材料在样品预处理方面的应用也引起了研究者的极大兴趣和广泛关注.结合自己的研究工作,对近5年的金属有机骨架材料以及金属有机骨架复合材料,主要在固相微萃取样品预处理方面的应用进行了综述,并对其发展前景进行了展望.